Cuba

The population of Cuba is approximately 11M (2024).

The capital of Cuba is Havana.

Cuba's GDP per capita is $9K (2020).

Life expectancy in Cuba is 78.26 years (2024).

Cuba covers 109,884 km² (42,426 sq mi).

Cuba has a moderate population density of 99 people per km², close to the global average of 60.

Cuba's population is shrinking at 0.4% per year — one of the few countries seeing sustained decline.

Based on GDP per capita, Cuba falls in the upper-middle GDP-per-person tier at $9K. Official World Bank income groups use Atlas-method GNI per capita, so this is a GDP-based comparison rather than an official income-group label.

Cuba's intentional homicide rate is 4.5 per 100,000 people, close to the global average.

The official language of Cuba is Spanish.

Cuba uses the Cuban convertible peso ($) as its sole official currency.

Cuba is an island nation and shares no land borders.

The best months to visit Cuba are January, February, March, April, December, based on climate data for the capital.

According to current estimates, the population of Cuba is approximately 11 million. This figure reflects a demographic trend characterized by a negative annual growth rate of -0.36%. The nation currently ranks 86 of 215 globally in terms of total population size, as well as 15 of 46 in the Americas region.

The latest projections indicate that Cuba has a GDP per capita of 9,009 USD. In global terms, the country's nominal GDP per capita ranks 101 of 212, and it ranks 19 of 21 within the Caribbean subregion. This reflects the complex economic environment the island nation manages as it balances state control with emerging sectors.

Cuba maintains an adult literacy rate of 97.65%, which is among the highest in the Caribbean. This performance ranks the country 51 of 170 globally according to available data. The high literacy rate is a result of long-term national investment in universal education and literacy campaigns since the mid-twentieth century.

The average life expectancy at birth in Cuba is 78.26 years, which ranks 65 of 215 globally. This relatively high ranking is often attributed to the nation's focus on primary healthcare and preventative medicine. The figure places Cuba in the upper tier for health outcomes compared to many other regional neighbors.

Recent data indicates that 70.48% of the population in Cuba are internet users. This level of connectivity ranks the country 131 of 212 globally for internet penetration. While access has expanded rapidly in the last decade, infrastructure development continues to be a focus for improving digital inclusion across the archipelago.

The latest data shows that Cuba has a very low unemployment rate of 1.746%. This figure ranks 172 of 186 globally, reflecting the high levels of state employment and the structured nature of the national labor market. These statistics illustrate the unique workforce dynamics within the Caribbean state's socialist framework.

Cuba currently holds the global population rank of 86 out of 215 countries. Within its own region, it ranks 15th out of 46 countries in the Americas and 3rd out of 22 nations in the Caribbean subregion, following the Dominican Republic and Haiti in total population size.

The population of Cuba is shrinking at an annual rate of -0.36%. Recent data indicates that there are approximately 312 deaths per day compared to only 259 births. This natural decrease, coupled with a net migration loss of about 57 people daily, results in a total daily decline of 110 people.

The estimated 2026 population density is 105 people per km² (272 per sq mi). This places the island 98th in the world for density and 22nd in the Americas. Most of the population is concentrated in urban areas, leaving many rural and mountainous regions relatively sparsely populated.

The latest fertility rate in Cuba is 1.44 births per woman. This is significantly below the replacement level of 2.1, ranking the country 164th globally for fertility. This low rate is a primary driver of the nation's aging demographic profile and its overall population decline over the last decade.

Cuba is highly urbanized, with 77.2% of its population living in urban centers. This places the country 67th in the world for urbanization. The majority of urban residents live in the capital city of Havana, which serves as the political, economic, and cultural heart of the island nation.