Countries in Africa

There are 54 sovereign countries in Africa that are recognized by the United Nations. This total excludes certain territories and states with limited international recognition, such as Western Sahara. The continent is the world's second-largest by area and population, representing a diverse collection of cultures and economies.

Algeria is the largest country in Africa by land area, covering approximately 2,381,741 km² (919,595 sq mi). It became the largest nation on the continent following the partition of Sudan in 2011. Much of its southern territory is covered by the vast expanse of the Sahara Desert.

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, with current estimates showing a population of approximately 233 million people. It accounts for about 15% of the continent's total population. Nigeria is often called the 'Giant of Africa' because of its large demographic size and its massive economic influence.

Seychelles is the least populous country in Africa, with a population of approximately 110,000 residents. Located in the Indian Ocean, it is an island nation made up of 115 islands. Despite its small size, it often ranks among the highest in Africa for Human Development Index scores.

Africa is generally divided into North Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, and Southern Africa. These groupings are used by the African Union and the United Nations for economic, political, and statistical coordination. Each region possesses distinct geographic features and cultural heritages that differentiate them.

South Sudan is the newest country in Africa, having gained independence on 9 July 2011. It was formed after decades of conflict ended with a referendum to separate from Sudan. The country is located in East Africa and its capital and largest city is Juba.